Purnace lining



April zo ,1926. 1581,26?,

A H. N. FREEMAN FURNACE LINING Filed May i9, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l ZI f IZ 37 .FI-6'1" v INVENTOR Hlm-am Naw-mm FREEMQH HIS ATTORNEY Apri@ z@ 192,6., 1513x263 H. NFREEMAN FURNACE LINI NG Filed May 19', 1924 2 sheets-Sheet 2 i f mvENToR HIRQM NQTHGQF'REEMQN Patented Apr. 20, 1926.

UNiTED STATES HIRAM NATHANFREEMAN, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

FURNACE LINING.

Application led May 19, 192.4. Serial No. 714,350.k y k- To @ZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, I-ITRAM NATHAN FREEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana7 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnace Linings, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to interior furnace linings and more especially to brick blast furnaces which are Subj ect to intensive flame heat, and consists substantially in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter set forth and pointed out more particularly in the claims.

An object of my invention is to provide a simple means of lining a conventional brick type furnace in a durable manner.

It is a primary object of my invention to construct a furnace lining of parts so formed and arranged to admit convenient and rapid replacement of such lining when impaired thru use. Y

It is a further object of my invention to provide a furnace lining of few parts of certain varied'designs so that a comparatively small number. of parts may be exposed tol the interior of such furnace as desired. f Y

The above and other objects are attained by the structurev illustrated in the accompanying drawings offwhich Figure 1 is a sectional perspective-view of a conventional furnace embodying my invention, said view being taken in the proximity of line 1-'1 Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan -view taken in the proximity of line 2-2 Fig. l.

Referring to the characters of reference, the numeral 1 designates the extreme outer enclosure of the furnace shown, said enclosure being a cylindrical housing vertically arranged and adapted to contain and reinforce the bricks 2 which comprise the wall proper of said furnace; said bricks being staggered in relation to each other as in the case of ordinary brick structures.

The brick 3 is of special shape and design and constitutes one of the lnew and useful features of my invention. Said brick is of reclining T shaped construction the normally horizontal cross portion 4 of said construction standing in vertical position and being beveled at the extremities thereof, the terminations of said bevels being disposed on lines which converge toward the center of the furnace as a who e.

The stem 5 of said brick is uniformiin shape and size to the bricks 21a-nd is disposed in mating 4 relation thereto, being a coordinate part of the structure formed thereby. In this manner the-'brick 3 is made a part of the furnace wall proper, the stem 5 serving to secure same to said wall. The

cross portion 4 of said brick is disposed inwardly in respect to the furnace as a whole and being substantially in horizontal position serves to partly line Vsaid furnace.

The lower beveled extremity of the crossv portion 4 is embraced bythe gib.v brick 6, the gib end of which stands adjacent thereto in corresponding mating relation, being' adapted to overlap said extremity .in dove tail manner, and form a lining continuation with said cross portion. The stem-7 of the gib i brick 6'like the stem 5 is interposed with the bricks 2, being uniform in shape'and size -thereto and forming a coordinate part ofthe By this arrangement corresponding lower head surface of the headed brick 8 said lower head surface corresponding in shape to said upper beveled extremityV and standing adjacent thereto.v 'By this arrangement the headed .brick Sis also adapted to aid in supporting the cross portion 4, the stein 9, thereof being also interposed with the bricks 2 in coordinate relation thereto. l,

It will be observed that the'cross portion `4 has a broad interior surface in comparison to the respective surfaces of the bricks 2f`an'd is adapted to span a number of said bricks overlapping same and thereby forming a corresponding furnacelining. By this arrangement the bricks 2 are shielded fromthe more intensive heat within the furnace, an additional or secondary lining 10t being interposed between said bricks and said cross portion, said secondary lining being preferably composed of asbestos material. Villien the cross portion 4 becomes impaired thru continued use, same maybe readily replaced by removing thegib brick 6 and the headed brick 8, the stem 5 being vlikewise disengaged from the bricks 2, whereas in ordinary practice the bricks 2 would have been severely` exposed to the heat `within the furnace and in the relining process it would have been necessary to remove and replace a number ol same thus exposed. This requires a great amount ot time and labor as compared to the etl'ort required lo replace the bricks (i. 3 and S as described.

The brick 11 is also ot T-shaped design being positioned directly above the heaner brick 8, the cross portion 12 thereof 'i'orming a lining continuation with said headed brick. The stem 13 oit the brick 1l. is disposed with the bricks 2 in the same manner as the stem 5, the stem 13 being thicker, however, than the stem 5, and adapted to occupy space equal to the thickness ot two et the bricks 2. The secondary lining 10 is also interposed between the cross portions 12 and the bricks 2. rllhe lower extremity ot the cross portion l2 is beveled in similar manner to the respective extremity ot the cross portion l being adjacent to the corresponding upper head surta ce ott the headed brick 8 and supported thereby. rllhe upper extremity of the cross portion 12 is constructed to form ledges arranged in step manner along lines pa allel to the bevel surface of the upper extremity ot the cross portion 4, said steps being thus retrogradingly disposed in respect to the stem 18. rthe headed brick 11i stands directly above the brick 11, the lower head surface thereoil bcing arranged in overhanging engaging relation to said ledges, corresponding in shape thereto by which arrangement the brick 11 is more securely supported. The stem 15 of the headed brick 14 is disposed with the bricks 2 in the same man-ner as are the stems 7, 5, and 9.

It will be evident that the bricx 11 will be removable for replacement in the same man-ner as the brick 3, by disengaging the stems 9, 13 and 15 from the bricks 2.

The L-shaped bricks 1G and 17 form coordinate parts which together are interchangeable with the brick 2. rlhe bricks 16 and 17 are independently removable. The adjacent legs 18 and 19, respectively, form the upper and lower coordinate stem parts which together iorm a stem structure similar to the stem 13. rl`he other legs 2O and 2l, of the bricks 1G and 17, respectively, are inl wardly disposed in respect to the furnace as a whole and form lining continuations with each other and with the 4headed l-|` 'ks 22 and 23 which are coordinately disposed with the bricks 2 by means o't their stems 24 and 25 respectively, said headed bricks bei-ng uniform with the headed bricks 8 and 14; respectively, and interchangeable therewith. rllhe secondary lining 10 is also disposed between said other legs and the bricks 2.

The brick 26 is another reclining T-shaped brick being similarly arranged to the brick 3. The upper and lower extremities of the brick 26, however, both form ledges corresponding to the upper extremity 0In the cross portion 12, eps et the said extremities being gradingly arranged in respect to the medial portion ot said brick. 27 is another' headed brick and lies directly above the brick 2G, the lower head portion ot said brick overhanging in engagement with the ripper extremity ot the cross portion 2S ot the brick 23 and cor` responding in shape thereto. rlhe headed brick 27 is coordinately supported among the bricks 2 by means oit its stem 29 which is of double thickness and adapted to occupy the space ot two of the bricks 2.

rlhe upper head surface ot the brick 14- corresponds in shape and symmetrical arrangement to the lower head surface et the headed brick 27 and is adapted to overlap and aid in supporting the `i`shaped brick 26.

The upper head surface otl the brick 27 is ot gib formation and corresponds in shape and arrangement to the same respective sur- 'tace of the gib brick G and is adapted to overlap and support the T-shaped brick` 30 which is also arranged similar to the brick 3, the brick 30 being further secured thru its stem 31 with the bricks 2. rihe upper extremity or' the brick 30 is of plain square character being arranged llush with the adjacent bricks 2 which coordinately form a substantial construction therewith ear the upper portion ot the furnace. The brick 80 is removable for replacement by the withdrawal of the headed brick 27 and the stem 31 Jfrom the bricks 2.

The bricks 32 and 33 are coordinate parts which together form a double brick strueture, said bricks having overlapping step shaped heads which correspond to the lower portion et the headed brick 27.

The bricks 34 ot the upper portion or" the furnace are selected and arranged to torni a somewhat usual dome shaped surface 35 over the interior of said furnace, 36 being a conventional opening therein. rlhe grates 37 located directly below the bricks 6 are ot conventional design. The opening 38 is below said grates and provided tor the entrance oi' an air blast conduit means not shown.

rlhe bricks 39 and l0 are somewhat similar and interchangeable with the bricks S3, and 26, respectively, the number and shape ot such bricks being somewhat variable as desired to suit the particular construction, said bricks 39 and l() diiier however` trom the bricks 3 and 26 respectively, in having fillets del termed at the junctions oit' their` stems and horizontal portions, respectively, such iillets being provided to make said bricks stronger and less likely to be broken at said juncture.

The brick 42 is similar in general strufs ture to the brick 30 being arranged symmetrically thereto. The lower extremity thereof differs from the corresponding lower part oi" the brick 30, however, being step-shaped like the lower extremity of the brick 40, and adapted to be engaged by the corresponding step shaped gib brick 33. The brick 42 is also provided with fillets 41 similarly to the bricks 39 and 40.

In view of the fact that the furnace shown is of circular type, the bricks 2 are conveniently segment type or circle brick as understood by those familiar with the art. Likewise, as shown in Fig. 2, the above described lining bricks as well as the dome forming bricks 35 are constructed on corresponding segment plans, the lateral surfaces thereof being in arch-like arrangement to form circular continuations with the adjacent bricks.

By referring to Fig. 2 it will be observed that the bricks 3 and 39 are segment or circle type bricks. TheV bricks 43 and 44 are.

also such type bricks, almost similar with the bricks 3 and 39, the. only difference being that the corners are cnt away at points 45 and 4G, respectively. Said corners are ont away to accommodate the brick 47 with the parallel sides 48 which embrace said points. The brick 47 is provided to aid in the building or tearing down of my lining structure as a whole, it being convenient to assemble same last in building and remove same first in tearing down, as will be understood by those familiar with the art. The wedge shaped bricks 49 and 50 are fitted between the brick 47 and the bricks 43 vand 44, respectively. f

Still referring to Fig. 2, the dotted lines 51 indicate the brick 6 of Fig. 1, the other dotted lines indicating other bricks'eoordinate therewith and similar in arrangement thereto. Two of said other bricks are cut away at points 52 and 53, to accommodate the parallel sided brick 54 which is provided to aid in assembling and tearing down the structure as a whole, wedge shaped bricks being provided to fill up the space between the brick 54 and the said cut away bricks.

It is understood that my improvements may be carried out in various type walls and furnaces, for example square type furnaces, without departing from the scope of the appended claims, which are drawn mainly in view of the above described bricks in the following arrangement, respectively, 3, 26, 11, 30, 42, 16, 21, 9, 14, 9, 14, 27, 26, 40, 26 and 40 being claimed in order as stated.

I claim as my invention:

1. For wall linings, a T-shaped brick, the stem of which is adapted to serve as a coordinate brick of a conventional brick wall, the cross of said brick having its normally upper edge flush with the surface of said wall, the normally upper line of said cross being shorter thanthe normally lower line thereof, whereby adjoining bricks embracing ends of said cross, corresponding in shape thereto, serve ton gib said cross to said wall.

2. In wall linings, a '1 -shaped brick the stem of which forms a coordinate brick of a typical brick wall, the cross of said brick having its normally upper edge flush with the surface of such wall, said cross having step shaped extremities which are advancedly arranged downwardly and outwardly in relation to said stem; and. a gib means adapted to embrace said extremities in corresponding step arrangement and engage such wall for securing said cross thereto, said gib means being adapted to form a part of the face of such wall.

A wall structure comprising bricks having their working surfaces flush with the face of such structure and having extremities which terminate retrogradingly in relation to the medial points of said bricks; and gib means interposed between said bricks and adapted to embrace said extremities in corresponding arrangement and engage such wall for securing said bricks' thereto, said gib means being adapted to form a part of the face of such wall.

4. In wall linings, a `T-shaped brick the stem of which formsv a coordinate part of a conventional wall, the cross of said brick having its normally upper edge flush with lthe surface Vof such wall, said cross having retrogradingly arranged extremities which terminate downwardly and outwardly in relation to the stem of said-brick; reinforcingY fillets formed at the juncture of the stem and cross of said brick; and gib means adapted to embrace said extremities in retaining relation, said gib means being adapted to engage such wall and to form a part of the face thereof.

5. In wall linings, a T-shaped brick the st-em of which forms a coordinateA part of a conventional wall, the cross of said brick having its normally upper edge flush with the surface of such wall, said cross having retrogradingly arranged extremities which terminate downwardly and outwardly in relation to the stem of said brick; reinforcing fillets formed at the juncture of the stem and cross of said brick; gib means adapted to embrace said extremities in retaining relation, said gib means being adapted to engage such wall and to form a part of the face thereof; and a fire resisting lining'disposed between said cross and such'wall.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand on this the 19th day of April, 1924, A. D.

HIB-AM NATHAN FREEMAN. 

